Obesity Obesity And Obesity - 1099 Words

Introduction There is no hiding this secret, America is overweight. As we remain the title of land of the free, we are looked upon by the rest of the world as â€Å"The fat country†. A label that you or I are not proud of and each day more and more people are becoming aware of the new epidemic called Obesity. Obesity is not only a major health issue in the United States but also the world. Over the past 30 years, The World Health Organization has considered increasing Obesity’s prevalence to epidemic levels. One result as to why, is that Obesity is putting more worldwide people to risk of death from obesity rather than underweight. (Cowie, 2014) Over the past 30 years there has been a marked increase to the prevalence of childhood obesity, Sixty percent of children in the United States from age six to eleven, approximately one in six children are victims of obesity-related illnesses according to The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) This is more than nine million children alone in the United States alone. (Cowie, 2014) These numbers are becoming more and more shocking and disturbing. â€Å"as a community, have we encouraged the most destructive epidemic outburst?† obesity and overweight in childhood are public concerns because rapidly, unhealthy weight is becoming the most prevalent nutrition problem of K-12 school age group in United States and around the world. (Sekhar, Kar, 2014) Throughout the years children have become increasingly more sedentary, spending moreShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity986 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is one of the major health epidemics that human being strugg le to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity. OverRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity798 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity Close to over one-third of adults living in the United States are obese (Diet and Obesity). Unfortunately, one third of children in the United States are also obese or overweight. Obesity has grown throughout the United States and has led to major health problem and can even be fatal. About 365,000 or more people die every year due to obesity. With numbers increasing obesity should be furthered examined to help prevent these conditionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1442 Words   |  6 Pages5/13/16 Take home Project: Obesity Obesity basically means having too much body fat. Not being overweight for your height, having too much muscle, or water in your body. What exactly is obesity? â€Å"Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is a tool used to measure obesity. Obesity increases your risk ofRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1318 Words   |  6 PagesObesity Epidemic Due to Fast Food or Something More Obesity is rising at a rapid rate here in the United States, especially childhood obesity. The obesity epidemic is one of the country’s most serious health problems. Adult obesity rates have doubled since 1980 from 15 to 30 percent, while childhood obesity rates have more than tripled. Is there a link in obesity and fast food eating? Are fast food restaurants to blame for our nation’s obesity issues? Or are we ourselves and our lack of knowledgeRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesleads to health risks and obesity, people are still putting unhealthy food into their body daily.   The United States has the highest obesity rate in the world by 6% and the government should be helping to lower that percentage (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Health/Obesity).   The best for the United States to help the obesity rate is by implementing a fat tax.   A fat tax is a tax on foods that are considered unhealthy and are believed to lead people to obesity.   The main way fat taxesRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1417 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned. Doctors often use a formula based on height and weight, called body mass index (BMI), to determine obesity. Children with a BMI over 21 is considered obese and over 18 is overweight (Arnett, J.J.2016). Adults with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. Severe obesity, also known as severe obesity or morbid obesity, occurs when a BMI of 40 or more is present. With morbid obesity, there may be serious health problems. If children do not have enough activities, they will not be able to burnRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagescertificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for Disease Control refers to â€Å"twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity, because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes, and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly† (9). A newly developed term, â€Å"diabesity,† is commonly used to represent the close relationship between obesity and diabetes (8). Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood and is defined when the pancreas fails to produce a healthy amountRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity892 Words   |  4 Pagesadults are considered obese in America. In recent years obesity is the health topic of choice these days because obesity in America is a growing epidemic. One out of twenty people in America have extreme obesity. According to a 2009-2010 survey conducted by the National Health and Nutrition examination this data states that about one third of children and adolescents ages six to nine are considered to be overweight or obese. Adolescent obesity has more than tripled in young adults and doubled in childrenRead MoreObesity : Obesity And The Obesity2209 Words   |  9 Pages OBESITY in America As the world is growing day by day the problem of obesity is also increasing all over the world. Since from1980 to 2014, the obesity has risen two times as compared to the previous years. The obesity is related to the how much energy is left, but the most important cause of having the obesity is â€Å"dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure† (Nazarii Kobyliak 1). The obesity is the excessive fat in the body and it can cause to any age group form child to the oldRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity985 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity is one of the major health epidemic that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry ; there are several other factors leads to obesity.

Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act Of 1974 - 1576 Words

Throughout the semester, we have been reading and exploring the internet on juvenile delinquents. We as a class have had many good questions to answer about the different ways juveniles are treated, and what the correct or incorrect treatment is for juveniles. We have written many papers and had many discussion on historical milestones, landmark cases, adult courts, juvenile courts, probation and parole, detention centers and juvenile training programs. This semester has really changed the way that I look at juvenile delinquents. Three historical milestones that I felt had the biggest impact on the current practices in the juvenile justice system within the U.S. were first the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act of†¦show more content†¦They also had jurisdiction on all transfers into the adult criminal system. The civil proceedings, however, did not afford youths who were indeed facing a potential loss of liberty the due process of law rights explicated in the 5th and 14th Amendments, such as the right to trial by jury and the freedom against self-incrimination. These were guaranteed to citizens in the 5th Article of the Bill of Rights. The 5th Amendment to the Constitution, states that No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. The 14th Amendment required that all citizens of the United States receive equal protection under the law. The Amendment states, No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. A 1967 the Supreme Court required juvenile courts to respect the due process of law rights of juveniles during their proceedings. The ruling was the result of Gerald Francis Gault. Gault had been placed in detention for making an obscene call to a neighbor while under probation. â€Å"The Arizona juvenile court had decided to place him inShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741625 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile or â€Å"youthful inmate† as defined by the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is any person under the age of eighteen who is under adult-court supervision and incarcerated or detained in a prison or jail. While PREA defines a juvenile as under the age of eighteen the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) allows the states to set their own definition of a juvenile (Lahey). This discrepancy in the definition of a juvenile has caused problems and slow progressRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Pre vention Reauthorization Act1577 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is to research the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act. The paper will focus on the purpose of this legislation, as well as the values that are expressed by this policy. This paper will not only address why this piece of legislation is important it will discuss the effects this act has had on the communities as well as the youths themselves. This paper, will also address the potential for change about the public attitudes towards the juvenile justice system and theRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreThe American Juvenile Justice System1043 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican juvenile justice system had developed over the past century with a number of variables that makes it different from the adult criminal justice process. Juvenile justice advocates supports the differences on the youthful offenders. Juvenile crime policy over the course of the twentieth century talks about transferring the law’s conceptions of young offenders. Starting from the nineteenth century, many of the youths were tried and punished as adults. However, treatment of juveniles in the UnitedRead MoreModern Day Juvenile Justice System882 Words   |  4 PagesThe modern day Juvenile Justice System (JJS) in the U.S. evolved out of fragmented reform movements throughout the country that began in 1800 and continued into the 1900’s, Progressive Era. Out of the many movements that were occurring in various states, two pioneered approaches took place that could easily be considered the roots of the entire JJS. In 1824 in the state of New York, the New York House of Refuge became the nation’s first reformatory for children. For the first time, there was anRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried as Adults896 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion: Should juvenile offenders be tried and punished as adults? Claim: Juvenile offenders shouldn’t be tried and punished as adults. I. Introduction a. There has been a lot of controversy over the issue of if juveniles should be tired and punished as adults. II. Harsh Policies Do not work http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/juvenile-justice/factsheets/youthasadults.pdf III. Adult Convictions Jeopardize Children’s Rights and Futures IV. Risks to Children’s Health V. These PoliciesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Design A Program That Will Fit Into The Kids Lifestyle957 Words   |  4 Pageswhich means a parent for a country. In this legal set of guidelines, the state can acts as a guardian for individuals who are unable to care for themselves, such as children. In this policy, the state act through a Juvenile Court Judge when a child is delinquent, abandoned or need parental care. Also â€Å"Parens patriae† occur if the natural parents are incompetent to control their children. In this case the juvenile justice system design a program that will fit into the kids lifestyle as should haveRead MoreThe First National Child Protection Legislation1434 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Historical Justifications. In 1974, the first national child protection legislation, The Child Abuse Prevention and Treat Act (CAPTA) became effective to promote awareness to communities and states to engage in identifying and preventing child abuse (Stein 1984). In order to realize the objectives of the Act, abuse must be defined. Defining abuse is hard to set in stone, as one concern is whether both physical and emotional abuse should be included or only one (Stein 1984). Another concern isRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Essay examples1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System Jodia M Murphy Kaplan University CJ150 Juvenile Delinquency Professor Thomas Woods July 31, 2012 Abstract This paper takes a brief look at the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system in the United States. In recent years there has been an increase of juvenile cases being transferred into the adult court system. This paper will also look at that process and the consequences of that trend. History and Evolution In the early nineteenth centuryRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For more

Moment of Truth free essay sample

Nell Literary devices can be a writers best friend, and likewise, worst enemy. In the essay â€Å"What A Certain Visionary Once Said†, by Thompson Highway, Highway employs imagery, simple vocabulary and omits repetition. Al Gore, in the essay, A Moment Of Truth, also uses imagery, but uses much more formal vocabulary and repetition. Although, the literary devices found in Gores essay are often effective, Highway invites agreement more effectively because he is able to get his point across without being invasive, by capturing the true beauty of our planet with the brilliant use of imagery and by using simple vocabulary. Gores essay is much longer than Highways, due in part to the use of repetition, which is used deliberately. Repetition can be an effective rhetorical strategy for achieving emphasis. (Nordquist, 2013) Gore chose this style of writing because his essay is written with a sense of urgency, with a message that us people, MUST do something quickly. We should not wait. We cannot wait. We must not wait. (Gore, 2013) He chooses this sentence in the end of his essay for emphasize, just as he used repetition throughout. Along with the use of repetition, Gore also exaggerates many sentences in his essay and uses hyperboles. However, when writing fiction, poetry, memoirs, humor or other creative work hyperbole is an extremely effective literary device. For example, to describe a very long car trip, I might write, Id been driving for about a hundred years when I finally came to a fork in the road. This is dramatically more descriptive than Id been driving for a very long time when I finally came to a fork in the road. Since the reader knows its impossible for the writer to drive for a hundred years, it becomes clear that hyperbole is being used. This particular hyperbole is also a good example of comic irony. (Claerr, 2013) The reader is left with no sense of own thought as Gore makes his point clear and also that we should have the same. Upon finishing the reading, we are not left questioning anything about the reading, just ourselves and our contribution on the planets ecological footprint. Highways style of writing is much simpler, and uses no repetition of words but uses repetition as a tool for imagery. Unlike Gores essay, in which he uses more examples of nature rather than images of it, Highway takes full advantage of the beauty of our planet. He draws a picture for the reader using his words instead of a paintbrush thus making the essay extremely descriptive and relatable. It is a method, if used correctly, paints pictures of scenes and characters in the minds of their readers. While plain old description works well in some instances, imagery takes description to an entirely new level. It gives the reader tools that help him or her to imagine the scene the writer has created; when an author correctly uses imagery, the reader can feel as though he or she is actually experiencing the place and time of the scene. (Thompson, 2013) While reading the essay, you can almost taste the crisp fresh air and clean, drinkable water and if you take the time to listen-really listen you can begin to hear the earth breathe. (Highway, 2007, 2010) He places the reader in a position of being there so that he can create a sense of pride within us about our land. Along with the pride created by an abundance of imagery, he also creates awarenes s. He makes us question whether the land that we live on is ours, or just borrowed as we come and go on this planet, yet the land still remains. Is it for us to use and damage by treating it like our own? Or shall we be respectful, since we will be giving it back. Highways suggestion of this topic is not overt like Gores but he also makes us question our personal contribution on the planets ecological footprint yet in a non invasive way. Two different styles of vocabulary are used in each authors writing. Gore chooses to address the reader in a very formal manner, which could be partly due to his stature in politics, where as Highway does not. He uses simple words which we would use on an everyday basis while speaking to our friends. This makes the essay much easier to follow and more pleasurable to read by building an overall connection. Depending on the piece of literature being written, this casual technique does not always work effectively because it may hinder the tone of the essay thus making it seem less sophisticated. While it may be acceptable in e-mail or in chat rooms, excessive colloquialism can diminish the quality of a formal written text. The things you write have the potential to make you appear more intelligent; however, they also have the potential to make you appear ignorant. (How to Avoid Colloquial (Informal) Writing, 2013) Since Highways essay is written in a personal manner, he is able to effectively use colloquial writing and still get his point across without appearing ill-mannered In completion of reading both essays; although Gores message was appreciated, the formal use of vocabulary, repetition and lack of imagery made the essay fall flat and become dreary quickly. Thompson Highways w as more appealing and successful at getting his point across without intruding on the readers personal opinions. With the use of simple vocabulary and no repetition, he was able to keep the essay short enough to avoid boredom for the reader, yet kept their interest with brilliant use of imagery. Highways love of our great North and respectively, our planet earth was apparent throughout his essay which exuded onto the reader leaving an impression worth remembering. The earth does not belong to us. We belong to the earth.

Lilo and stitch free essay sample

Lilo and Stitch Lilo and Stitch is an animated film from the United States that tells the story of alien experiment to powerful for the planet Galitica. He is sent toa prison chamber but escapes and lands on one of the islands. Lilo is a little Hawaiian girl trying to find friends and gets into trouble all the time. The two are brought together by fate when Lilo adopts Stitch from a dog pound. Lilo comes from a broken family being watched over by her sister Nan, who struggles herself to try to take care of Lilo. Stitch was designed to be destructive, that is his only purpose, and causes trouble for the Hawaiian family that adopts him. But a turn of events triggers something in Stitch and he wants belong to a family, he has a desire to be loved. The Movie was directed by Dean Deblois and Chris Sanders. We will write a custom essay sample on Lilo and stitch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movie was based on an idea one of the directors came up with, Chris Sanders. The movie was released on June 21, 2002 and made $35,260,212 opening weekend. The film cost an stimated $80,000,000 and has grossed 51 worldwide. The film was made in Lake Buena Vista, Florida in the Walt Disney Feature Animation studio. The movie is eighty five minutes long. The thesis for my movie is simple and applies to everyone: everyone is Just trying to find a place to fit in and be loved. The portrayed the message in this movie by using a destructive alien experiment from space, showing that even the oddest of creatures still need to be loved.

Laws That Protect Your Right to Vote

Laws That Protect Your Right to Vote No American who is qualified to vote should ever be denied the right and opportunity to do so. That seems so simple. So basic. How can government by the people work if certain groups of the people are not allowed to vote? Unfortunately, in our nations history, some people have been, either intentionally or unintentionally, denied their right to vote. Today, four federal laws, all enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice, work in concert to ensure that all Americans are allowed to register to vote and enjoy an equal opportunity to cast a ballot on election day. Preventing Racial Discrimination in Voting For many years some states enforced laws clearly intended to prevent minority citizens from voting. Laws requiring voters to pass reading or intelligence tests, or pay a poll-tax denied the right to vote the most basic right in our form of democracy to untold thousands of citizens until the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Also See: How to Report Voter Rights Violations The Voting Rights Act protects every American against racial discrimination in voting. It also ensures the right to vote to people for whom English is a second language. The Voting Rights Act applies to elections for any political office or ballot issue held anywhere in the nation. Most recently, the federal courts have used the Voting Rights Act to end practices amounting to racial discrimination in the way some states elected their legislative bodies, and chose their election judges and other polling place officials. Voter Photo ID Laws Twelve states now have laws requiring voters to show some form of photo identification in order to vote, with about 13 more considering similar laws. The federal courts are currently struggling to decide whether some or all of these laws violate the Voting Rights Act. More states moved to adopt photo ID voting laws in 2013, after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Voting Rights Act did not allow the U.S. Department of Justice to automatically apply federal oversight of new election laws in states with histories of racial discrimination. While supporters of photo voter ID laws argue that they help prevent voter fraud, critics like the American Civil Liberties Union, cite studies showing that up to 11% of Americans lack an acceptable form of photo ID. Persons most likely to not have acceptable photo ID include minorities, elderly and disabled persons, and financially disadvantaged persons. State photo voter ID laws come in two forms: strict and non-strict. In strict photo ID law states, voters without an accepted form photo ID – driver’s license, state ID, passport, etc. are not allowed to cast a valid ballot. Instead, they are allowed to fill out â€Å"provisional† ballots, which remain uncounted until they are able to produce an accepted ID. If the voter does not produce a an accepted ID within a short period of time after the election, their ballot is never counted. In non-strict photo ID law states, voters without an accepted form photo ID are allowed to use alternative types of validation, such as signing an affidavit swearing to their identification or having a poll worker or election official vouch for them. In August 2015, a federal appeals court ruled that a Texas strict voter ID law discriminated against black and Hispanic voters and thus violated the Voting Rights Act. One of the strictest in the nation, the law required voters to produce a Texas driver’s license; U.S. passport; a concealed-handgun permit; or an election identification certificate issued by the State Department of Public Safety. While the Voting Rights Act still prohibits states from enacting laws intended to disenfranchise minority voters, whether photo ID laws do so or not, remains to be determined by the courts. Gerrymandering Gerrymandering is the process of employing the process of â€Å"apportionment† to improperly redraw the boundaries of state and local election districts in a way that tends to predetermine the results of elections by diluting the voting power of certain groups of people. For example, gerrymandering has been used in the past to â€Å"break up† election districts populated by mainly black voters, thus lessening the chances of black candidates being elected to local and state offices. Unlike photo ID laws, gerrymandering almost always violates the Voting Rights Act, because it typically targets minority voters. Equal Access to the Polls for Disabled Voters Approximately 1 in five eligible American voters has a disability. Failing to provide disabled persons easy and equal access to polling places is against the law. The  Help America Vote Act of 2002  requires the states to ensure that voting systems, including voting machines and ballots, and polling places are accessible to people with disabilities. In addition, the law require that assistance at the polling place is available to people with limited English skills. As of Jan. 1, 2006, every voting precinct in the nation is required to have at least one voting machine available and accessible to persons with disabilities. Equal access is defined as providing persons with disabilities the same opportunity for participation in voting, including privacy, independence and assistance, afforded other voters. To help in evaluating a precincts compliance with the Help America Vote Act of 2002, the Justice Department provides this handy  checklist for polling places. Voter Registration Made Easy The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, also called the Motor Voter law, requires all states to offer voter registration and assistance at all offices where people apply for drivers licenses, public benefits or other government services. The law also prohibits the states from removing voters from the registration rolls simply because they have not voted. The states are also required to ensure the timeliness of their voter registration rolls by regularly removing voters who have died or moved. Our Soldiers Right to Vote The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act of 1986 requires the states to ensure that all members of the U.S. armed forces who are stationed away from home, and citizens who are living overseas, can register and vote absentee in federal elections.

Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches The WritePass Journal

Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches ABSTRACT Racism In Sports And Its Impact On Managers And Coaches }. Available from pages.drexel.edu/~rosenl/sports%20Folder/Ethnicity%20and%20Sport.pdf Cashmore, E., 2003. Encyclopedia of race and ethnic studies. London: Routledge Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), 2004. Racial Equality in Football. CRE: London Daryl, A. and R. David, 2010. Beyond Boundaries? Race, ethnicity and identity in sport Garland, J. M. Rowe, 2001. Racism and Anti-Racism in Football. London: Palgrave Hylton, K., 2008. Race and sport: Critical Race Theory. Routledge: Taylor Francis Group Jarvie, G. and I. Reid, 1997. Race relations, sociology of sport and the new politics of race and racism. Stirling, Univesity of Stirling: E FN Spon Turner, D. and I. Jones, False start? UK sprint coaches and black/white stereotypes. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire. {Viewed on 23rd February 2012} Available from https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/2407/1/900739.pdf Turner, D. and R. Rasmussen, 2003. On your marks, get stereotyped, go! Novice coaches and black stereotypes in sprinting.   {Viewed on 22nd February 2012}. Available from https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/487/1/101603.pdf MacClancy. J. (ed.), 1996. Sport, Identity and Ethnicity. Oxford, Berg, pp.203. McDonald, M. and S. Birrell, 1999. ‘Reading sport critically: a methodology for interrogating Power’. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16, pp.283–300. Roche, M. (ed.), 1998. Sport, Popular Culture and Identity. Aachen, Meyer Meyer Sport, pp.224 Sugden.J and A. Bairner (eds.), 1999. Sport in Divided Societies. Aachen, Meyer Meyer Sport, pp.234

Climate and Storms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Climate and Storms - Research Paper Example A low pressure region is developed in the Atlantic and high pressure region in Peru in a normal year and therefore trade winds flow strongly from the east to west in the pacific and therefore warm waters are carried westward, in el Nio years the low pressure region is replaced by a relatively high pressure region in the pacific and this reduces the strength of trade winds and therefore there is an accumulation of warm water in Peru, in la Nina periods results after the el Nino period whereby there is an accumulation of cold water in the pacific. .. References: Columbia (2009) ENSO, retrieved on 29th November, from http://iri.columbia.edu/climate/ENSO/globalimpact/TC/Atlantic/index.html CCD (2009) la Nina report, retrieved on 29th November, from Http://www.ccd.ucar.edu/lanina/report/baethgen.html CPC (2009) List of El Nio and la Nina years, retrieved on 29th November, from http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml Physical geography (2009) ocean circulation differences in El Nio and la Nina years, retrieved on 29th November, from http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7z.html Wunder Ground (2009) 1997 hurricanes, retrieved on 29th November, from http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/at1997.asp Wunder Ground (2009) 1995 hurricanes, retrieved on 29th November, from